/* ============================================
   Chirag Hathiramani
   Institutional PE aesthetic — restrained, confident
   ============================================ */

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=EB+Garamond:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,500&family=Outfit:wght@300;400;500;600&display=swap');

*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }

:root {
  --black: #111111;
  --dark: #1a1a1a;
  --charcoal: #2c2c2c;
  --gray-900: #333;
  --gray-700: #555;
  --gray-500: #888;
  --gray-300: #bbb;
  --gray-200: #d5d5d5;
  --gray-100: #ededed;
  --gray-50: #f5f5f3;
  --white: #ffffff;
  --warm: #b08d57;
  --warm-hover: #9a7a4a;
  --serif: 'EB Garamond', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  --sans: 'Outfit', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
  --max: 1140px;
  --narrow: 720px;
  --ease: cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1);
}

html { font-size: 16px; scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  color: var(--gray-900);
  background: var(--white);
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }
a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }

/* ---- NAV ---- */
.nav {
  position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; z-index: 100;
  background: var(--black);
  height: 64px;
  display: flex; align-items: center;
}
.nav-inner {
  width: 100%; max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 2.5rem;
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
}
.nav-logo {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-weight: 500; font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: var(--white);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.nav-links { display: flex; gap: 2.25rem; align-items: center; }
.nav-links a {
  font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--gray-300);
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  transition: color 0.2s var(--ease);
}
.nav-links a:hover, .nav-links a.active { color: var(--white); }
.nav-cta {
  color: var(--warm) !important;
  font-weight: 500 !important;
}
.nav-cta:hover { color: #c9a46a !important; }
.nav-toggle {
  display: none; background: none; border: none; cursor: pointer; padding: 0.5rem;
}
.nav-toggle span {
  display: block; width: 20px; height: 1.5px;
  background: var(--white); margin: 5px 0;
}

/* ---- HERO ---- */
.hero {
  padding: 160px 0 100px;
}
.hero-inner {
  max-width: var(--max); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 2.5rem;
}
.hero h1 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(2.6rem, 5.5vw, 4rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.15;
  color: var(--black);
  max-width: 760px;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.hero h1 em {
  font-style: italic;
}
.hero-lead {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
  color: var(--gray-700);
  max-width: 600px;
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  font-weight: 300;
}
.hero-cta {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--warm);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--warm);
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  transition: color 0.2s, border-color 0.2s;
}
.hero-cta:hover { color: var(--warm-hover); border-color: var(--warm-hover); }

/* ---- SECTIONS ---- */
.section { padding: 100px 0; }
.section-sm { padding: 70px 0; }
.section-dark { background: var(--dark); color: var(--white); }
.section-dark p, .section-dark .sub { color: var(--gray-300); }
.section-gray { background: var(--gray-50); }
.container { max-width: var(--max); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 2.5rem; }
.narrow { max-width: var(--narrow); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 2.5rem; }
.rule { border: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-200); margin: 0; }
.rule-dark { border-color: #333; }

/* ---- TYPOGRAPHY ---- */
h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 3.5vw, 2.8rem);
  font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.2;
  color: var(--black);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.section-dark h2 { color: var(--white); }
h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 2.2vw, 1.65rem);
  font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.3;
}
h4 {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.78rem; font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--gray-500);
}
.section-dark h4 { color: var(--warm); }
p { margin-bottom: 1.25rem; font-weight: 300; font-size: 1.05rem; }
p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.sub {
  font-size: 1.1rem; line-height: 1.8;
  color: var(--gray-700); font-weight: 300;
}
.sub-lg {
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 1.8vw, 1.3rem);
  line-height: 1.8; color: var(--gray-700); font-weight: 300;
}
strong { font-weight: 500; color: var(--black); }
.section-dark strong { color: var(--white); }

/* ---- TWO COLUMN ---- */
.two-col {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 80px;
  align-items: start;
}
.two-col-narrow {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 340px 1fr;
  gap: 80px;
  align-items: start;
}

/* ---- THREE COLUMN ---- */
.three-col {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 50px;
}

/* ---- STATS ---- */
.stats {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 0;
}
.stat {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 50px 20px;
}
.stat + .stat { border-left: 1px solid var(--gray-200); }
.section-dark .stat + .stat { border-color: #333; }
.stat-num {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 4vw, 3.2rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--black);
  line-height: 1;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.section-dark .stat-num { color: var(--warm); }
.stat-label {
  font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--gray-500);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.section-dark .stat-label { color: var(--gray-300); }

/* ---- BLOCKQUOTE ---- */
blockquote {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.5vw, 1.9rem);
  font-weight: 400; font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--black);
  max-width: 700px;
}
blockquote cite {
  display: block; font-style: normal;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--gray-500);
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

/* ---- PILLAR (Blackstone-style text block) ---- */
.pillar { padding: 40px 0; }
.pillar + .pillar { border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-200); }
.section-dark .pillar + .pillar { border-color: #333; }
.pillar h3 { margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }
.pillar p { max-width: 540px; }

/* ---- INSIGHT LIST ---- */
.insight-item {
  display: block;
  padding: 40px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200);
  transition: padding-left 0.25s var(--ease);
}
.insight-item:first-child { border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-200); }
.insight-item:hover { padding-left: 12px; }
.insight-item h4 { margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--warm); }
.insight-item h3 { margin-bottom: 10px; color: var(--black); }
.insight-item p { margin-bottom: 0; color: var(--gray-700); font-size: 0.95rem; }

/* ---- ARTICLE ---- */
.article-hero { padding: 140px 0 60px; }
.article-hero h1 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 4vw, 3rem);
  font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.2;
  max-width: 680px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}
.article-meta {
  font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--gray-500);
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}
.article-body { padding-bottom: 80px; }
.article-body p { font-size: 1.08rem; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.article-body h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2.5vw, 2rem);
  margin-top: 3rem; margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}
.article-body h3 {
  font-size: 1.25rem; margin-top: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

/* ---- FORM ---- */
.form-group { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.form-group label {
  display: block; font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--gray-500);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.form-group input, .form-group textarea {
  width: 100%; padding: 14px 0;
  border: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200);
  font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 300;
  color: var(--black); background: transparent;
  transition: border-color 0.2s;
  outline: none;
}
.form-group input:focus, .form-group textarea:focus {
  border-color: var(--black);
}
.form-group textarea { min-height: 100px; resize: vertical; }
.form-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 2rem; }
.btn-submit {
  display: inline-block; padding: 14px 40px;
  background: var(--black); color: var(--white);
  font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase;
  border: none; cursor: pointer;
  transition: background 0.2s;
}
.btn-submit:hover { background: var(--charcoal); }

/* ---- FOOTER ---- */
.footer { background: var(--black); padding: 60px 0 40px; }
.footer-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 40px;
  margin-bottom: 50px;
}
.footer-brand {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--white);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em; text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.footer-desc { font-size: 0.88rem; color: var(--gray-500); font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.7; }
.footer h4 {
  font-size: 0.72rem; color: var(--gray-500);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.footer a {
  display: block; font-size: 0.88rem; color: var(--gray-300);
  font-weight: 300; margin-bottom: 10px;
  transition: color 0.2s;
}
.footer a:hover { color: var(--white); }
.footer-bottom {
  border-top: 1px solid #333;
  padding-top: 24px;
  font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--gray-500); font-weight: 300;
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between;
}

/* ---- LINK STYLE ---- */
.text-link {
  font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--warm);
  transition: color 0.2s;
}
.text-link:hover { color: var(--warm-hover); }
.text-link::after { content: ' →'; }

/* ---- RESPONSIVE ---- */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .two-col, .two-col-narrow, .three-col { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 40px; }
  .stats { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .stat + .stat { border-left: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-200); }
  .section-dark .stat + .stat { border-color: #333; }
  .hero { padding: 120px 0 70px; }
  .section { padding: 70px 0; }
  .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .container, .narrow, .hero-inner { padding: 0 1.5rem; }
  .nav-inner { padding: 0 1.5rem; }
  .nav-links { display: none; }
  .nav-links.open {
    display: flex; flex-direction: column;
    position: absolute; top: 64px; left: 0; right: 0;
    background: var(--black); padding: 1.5rem 2rem; gap: 1rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #333;
  }
  .nav-toggle { display: block; }
  .form-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 30px; }
  .footer-bottom { flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; }
  .hero h1 { font-size: 2.2rem; }
}


/* ---- FAQ COLLAPSIBLES ---- */
.faq-list { display: grid; gap: 1rem; }
.faq-item { border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-200); padding: 1.25rem 0; }
.faq-item summary { list-style: none; cursor: pointer; display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 1rem; }
.faq-item summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.faq-item summary h3 { margin: 0; font-size: 1.05rem; line-height: 1.35; flex: 1; }
.faq-item summary::after { content: "+"; font-size: 1.4rem; color: var(--warm); transition: transform .15s ease; }
.faq-item[open] summary::after { content: "−"; }
.faq-answer { padding: 0.75rem 0 0.25rem; max-width: 720px; color: var(--gray-700); }
.faq-answer p { margin: 0; line-height: 1.65; }

/* ---- INLINE CITATIONS ---- */
sup.cite-ref {
  font-size: 0.7em;
  line-height: 0;
  vertical-align: super;
  margin-left: 1px;
}
sup.cite-ref a {
  color: var(--warm);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: none;
  font-weight: 500;
}
sup.cite-ref a:hover { color: var(--warm-hover); }

aside.citations {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 60px auto 40px;
  padding: 24px 30px;
  background: #fafaf7;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-200);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200);
  font-family: var(--sans);
}
aside.citations h4 {
  margin: 0 0 16px 0;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--gray-500);
}
aside.citations ol {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 22px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--gray-700);
}
aside.citations li {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
aside.citations li:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
aside.citations cite {
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--gray-900);
}
aside.citations a {
  color: var(--warm);
  border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--warm);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}
aside.citations a:hover { color: var(--warm-hover); }

/* ---- CREDENTIAL LINE ---- */
.credential-line { margin-top: 18px; }

/* ---- POV PAGE EXTRAS ---- */
.article-hero { padding: 80px 0 40px; }
.article-hero .narrow { max-width: var(--narrow, 760px); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 24px; }
.article-meta { color: var(--gray-500); font-size: 0.85rem; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; margin-top: 12px; }
.article-body { padding: 40px 0 80px; }
.article-body .narrow { max-width: var(--narrow, 760px); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 24px; }


/* ============================================
   The Platform CEO: book-specific extensions
   ============================================ */

/* Increase article body comfort for long-form reading */
.article-body p { font-size: 1.08rem; line-height: 1.85; }
.article-body h2 { font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2.5vw, 2rem); margin-top: 3rem; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }
.article-body h3 { font-size: 1.25rem; margin-top: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.article-body ul, .article-body ol { margin: 0 0 1.5rem 1.5rem; }
.article-body ul li, .article-body ol li {
  font-size: 1.05rem; line-height: 1.75; font-weight: 300; margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.article-body hr {
  border: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-200);
  margin: 2.5rem auto; width: 80px;
}
.article-body blockquote {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--gray-700);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--warm);
  margin: 2rem 0;
  padding: 0.5rem 0 0.5rem 1.5rem;
}

/* Callout boxes: DATA POINT, PRINCIPLE */
.callout {
  position: relative;
  margin: 2.5rem 0;
  padding: 28px 32px;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--warm);
  background: var(--gray-50);
}
.callout-label {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--warm);
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.callout p {
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
}
.callout p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.callout-data-point { background: #faf7f1; }
.callout-authors-note { background: var(--gray-50); }
.callout-principle {
  background: var(--dark);
  border-left-color: var(--warm);
}
.callout-principle .callout-label { color: var(--warm); }
.callout-principle p { color: var(--gray-200); }
.callout-principle strong { color: var(--white); }

/* Chapter pagination footer */
.chapter-pagination {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr;
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: center;
  margin-top: 4rem;
  padding-top: 2rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-200);
}
.chapter-pagination .pag-cell:nth-child(1) { text-align: left; }
.chapter-pagination .pag-cell:nth-child(2) { text-align: center; }
.chapter-pagination .pag-cell:nth-child(3) { text-align: right; }
.chapter-pagination .text-link { font-size: 0.78rem; }
.chapter-pagination .text-link::after { content: ''; }

/* Tables in long-form */
.article-body table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin: 2rem 0;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}
.article-body th, .article-body td {
  text-align: left;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200);
  font-weight: 300;
}
.article-body th {
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--black);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

/* ToC insight-item override: denser for chapter list */
#contents .insight-item { padding: 28px 0; }
#contents .insight-item h4 { font-size: 0.7rem; }
#contents .insight-item h3 { font-size: 1.25rem; margin-bottom: 8px; }
#contents .insight-item:hover { padding-left: 22px; }

/* Key Idea: one-sentence claim under each chapter title */
#contents .insight-item p {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--gray-700);
  max-width: 620px;
}
.chapter-key-idea {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 1.6vw, 1.25rem);
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--gray-700);
  max-width: 620px;
  margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .chapter-pagination {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    text-align: center;
  }
  .chapter-pagination .pag-cell:nth-child(1),
  .chapter-pagination .pag-cell:nth-child(3) { text-align: center; }
  .callout { padding: 20px 22px; }
}

/* Hero proceeds note (index only) */
.hero-proceeds { margin-top: 1.75rem; font-size: 0.92rem; line-height: 1.7; color: var(--gray-700); max-width: 640px; }
.hero-proceeds a { color: inherit; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }

/* Colophon: copyright & disclosures moved to the bottom of the index */
.colophon p { font-size: 0.82rem; line-height: 1.7; color: var(--gray-700); font-weight: 300; margin-bottom: 1rem; max-width: 760px; }

/* Animated book-jacket hero (index only) */
.book-hero{ padding:128px 0 88px; }
.book-hero-inner{ max-width:var(--max); margin:0 auto; padding:0 2.5rem;
  display:grid; grid-template-columns:minmax(290px,360px) 1fr; gap:64px; align-items:center; }
.jacket{ position:relative; width:100%; aspect-ratio:2/3; container-type:inline-size;
  background:#faf7f1; border-radius:3px; overflow:hidden;
  box-shadow:0 30px 70px rgba(0,0,0,.20), 0 6px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.10); }
.jacket canvas{ position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; display:block; }
.jacket .cover-type{ position:absolute; inset:0; display:flex; flex-direction:column;
  padding:6.5% 7.5%; z-index:2; pointer-events:none;
  text-shadow:0 0 2px rgba(250,247,241,.95), 0 0 4px rgba(250,247,241,.8); }
.jacket .endorse{ font-family:var(--sans); font-weight:400; font-size:2.5cqw; line-height:1.45; color:#3a3a3a; max-width:90%; }
.jacket .endorse b{ font-weight:600; }
.jacket .endorse .who{ display:block; margin-top:.45em; font-size:2.05cqw; color:#6a6a6a; letter-spacing:.04em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.jacket .cover-title{ font-family:var(--serif); font-weight:700; font-size:16.5cqw; color:#111; line-height:.94; letter-spacing:-.018em; margin-top:6.5%; }
.jacket .cover-subtitle{ font-family:var(--sans); font-weight:400; font-size:4.4cqw; line-height:1.3; color:var(--warm); letter-spacing:.01em; margin-top:5.5%; max-width:88%; }
.jacket .cover-author{ margin-top:auto; font-family:var(--serif); font-weight:600; font-size:7.6cqw; color:#111; }
.jacket .cover-author .pre{ display:block; font-family:var(--sans); font-weight:500; font-size:2.1cqw; letter-spacing:.18em; text-transform:uppercase; color:var(--warm); margin-bottom:.5rem; }
@media(max-width:900px){
  .book-hero-inner{ grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:44px; }
  .jacket-col{ justify-self:center; width:min(320px,78vw); }
  .jacket{ width:100%; }
  .text-col{ width:100%; }
}


/* ============ v4: framework figures + gallery ============ */
.book-figure { margin: 3rem auto; max-width: 800px; }
.book-figure object {
  width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; pointer-events: none;
  border: 1px solid var(--gray-200); border-radius: 5px; background: #faf7f1;
}
.book-figure figcaption {
  font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.74rem; font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--warm); margin-top: 12px;
}
@media (max-width: 600px) { .book-figure { margin: 2rem auto; } }

.fw-hero { padding: 130px 0 30px; }
.fw-section { padding: 30px 0 10px; }
.fw-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 30px; }
.fw-card { margin: 0; border: 1px solid var(--gray-200); border-radius: 6px; overflow: hidden; background: #fff; }
.fw-card object { width: 100%; display: block; background: #faf7f1; pointer-events: none; }
.fw-card figcaption { padding: 13px 18px; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 0.84rem; color: var(--gray-700); border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-100); }
.fw-card figcaption b { color: var(--black); font-weight: 600; }
.fw-eyebrow { color: var(--warm); font-size: 0.78rem; letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: 500; margin-bottom: 10px; }
@media (max-width: 760px) { .fw-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }